Biography and complete works. http://www.rwe.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=221&Itemid=256 Emerson, Ralph Waldo Born May 25, 1803, in Boston, Massachusetts, United States; died ... April 27, 1882, in Concord, Massachusetts... A founder of the Transcendental movement and the founder of a distinctly American philosophy emphasizing optimism, individuality, and mysticism,...one of the most influential literary figures of the nineteenth century. ... a philosophy stressing the recognition of God Immanent, the presence of ongoing creation and revelation by a god apparent in all things and who exists within everyone. Also crucial to Emerson's thought is the related Eastern concept of the essential unity of all thoughts, persons, and things in the divine whole. Traditional values of right and wrong, good and evil, appear in his work as necessary opposites, ... works also emphasize individualism and each person's quest to break free from the trappings of the illusory world (maya) in order to discover the godliness of the inner Self. Guide to resources. http://www.transcendentalists.com/1emerson.html Toward the "Titmouse Dimension": The Development of Emerson's Poetic Style R. A. Yoder - PMLA, Vol. 87, No. 2 (Mar., 1972), pp. 255-270 - doi:10.2307/460880 - ABSTRACT http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0030-8129(197203)87%3A2%3C255%3ATT%22DTD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T#abstract Emerson's place in our poetic tradition is granted to be central, despite the elusive and variable style of his poetry. Because he was an avowed experimenter, the development of Emerson's style must be traced quite apart from the Emersonian ideas sometimes offered as his complete poetic stance. Emerson and Fourier Interesting essay. http://www.billbrock.net/fch05.htm The Text Courtesy of Project Gutenberg. http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext01/1srwe10.txt Phidias fifth century B.C. Athenian sculptor who supervised work on the Parthenon. His statue of Zeus at Olympia was one of the Seven Wonders of the World http://www.in2greece.com/english/historymyth/history/ancient/phidias.htm Pheidias was and is considered the greatest sculpturer of the divine. He was also an architect and a painter. We do not know much about him, except that he was Athenian and studied at Hageladas school in Argos. His first comission was a group of national heroes with Miltiades as a central figure, and the famous statesman Pericles ordered several sculptures for Athens from him. Phidias made the statue of Zeus in Olympia, by his time considered his masterpiece. It was made of gold and ivory, and the people regularly oiled it so the materials would not crack. It was said that anyone who had seen the God's smile could nevere be truly unhappy again. Proteus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteus In Greek mythology, Proteus is an early sea-god, one of several deities whom Homer calls the "Old Man of the Sea"[1], whose name suggests the "first", as protogonos is the "primordial" or the "firstborn". He became the son of Poseidon in the Olympian theogony (Odyssey iv. 432), or of Nereus and Doris, or of Oceanus and a Naiad, and was made the herdsman of Poseidon's seals, the great bull seal at the center of the harem. He can foretell the future, but, in a mytheme familiar from several cultures, will change his shape to avoid having to; he will answer only to someone who is capable of capturing him. From this feature of Proteus comes the adjective protean, with the general meaning of "versatile", "mutable", "capable of assuming many forms": "Protean" has positive connotations of flexibility, versatility and adaptability. Asdrubal http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asdr%C3%BAbal_Barca Asdrúbal Barca fue un general cartaginés de la dinastía Bárcida (245-207 adC), uno de los cuatro hijos de Amílcar Barca, junto con sus hermanos Aníbal, Magón y Hannón Al estallar la Segunda Guerra Púnica, Aníbal partió de Iberia junto con el ejército que había reclutado, rumbo a Italia por vía terrestre, atravesando los Pirineos y los Alpes antes de llegar al valle del Po. Asdrúbal permaneció en Iberia junto con su hermano Hannón, cubriendo la retaguardia y las fuentes de suministros al ejército de Aníbal. Caesar Borgia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Borgia Like nearly all aspects of Cesare Borgia's life, the date of his birth is a subject of conflict. However, it is accepted that he was born in Rome between 1474 and 1476 to Cardinal Rodrigo de Lanzol y Borja, soon to become Pope Alexander VI, and his mistress Vannozza de' Cattanei, of whom documents are sparse. ... With brown eyes and orange hair, Cesare was acknowledged a beautiful child and grew to be a fleet-footed, tall, handsome man of unlimited ambition, much like his father. Cesare was initially groomed for a career in the church. ... Solomon http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Solomon.html The biblical King Solomon was known for his wisdom, his wealth and his writings. He became ruler in approximately 967 B.C.E. and his kingdom extended from the Euphrates River in the north to Egypt in the south. His crowning achievement was the building of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem. Almost all knowledge of him is derived from the biblical books of Kings I and Chronicles II. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon Alcibiades - Catiline - Gibeon - Burke - Sir Thomas More - Sidney - Marmaduke Robinson - Belzoni - Aeschylus - Isis - Osiris - Jove - Heodotus - Thucydides - Xenophon - Plutarch - Phocion - Pindar - Guido's Rospigliosi Aurora - Roos - Santa Croce - Erwin - Steinbach - cherub - Doric temple - Dorian - Heeren - Nubian - Gothic church - Astaboras - Calmuc - Homer - Hercules - Phoebus - Agamemnon - Diomed - Xenophon - Moses - Zoroaster - Menu - Socrates - Simeon the Stylite - The Thebais - The Capuchins - Belus - Champollion - Assyria - Mounds of Cholula - Aesop - Hafiz - Ariosto - Chaucer - Scott - Prometheus Vinctus - Antaeus - Orpheus - Proteus - Sphinx - Tantalus - Goethe's Helena - Chirons - Griffins - Phorkyas - Helen - Leda - Perceforest Amadis de Gaul http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amadis_of_Gaul is a landmark work among the knight-errantry tales which were in vogue in 16th century Iberian Peninsula, and formed the earliest reading of many Renaissance and Baroque writers. The first known printed edition was published in Zaragoza in 1508, by Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo (or Garci Ordóñez de Montalvo). It was published in four books in Castilian, but its origins are unclear: The narrative comes from Portugal, originates in the late post-Arthurian genre and had certainly been read as early as the 14th century by the chancellor Pero López de Ayala as well as his contemporary Pero Ferrús. ... The story narrates the star-crossed love of King Perión of Gaul and Elisena of England, resulting in the secret birth of Amadís. Abandoned at birth on a barge in England, the child is raised by the knight Gandales in Scotland and investigates his origins through fantastic adventures. ... He is persecuted by the wizard Arcalaús, but protected by Urganda la Desconocida (Urganda the Unknown or Unrecognized), an ambiguous priestess with magical powers and a talent for prophecy. Knighted by his father King Perión, Amadís overcomes the challenges of the enchanted Insola Firme (a sort of peninsula), including passing through the Arch of Faithful Lovers. The Boy and the Mantle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boy_and_the_Mantle A boy comes to King Arthur's court with an enchanted mantle that can not be worn by an unfaithful wife. Guinevere dons it, and so does every other lady in the court; only one can wear it, and only after she confesses to kissing her husband before their marriage. Other boys also bring a wild boar, that can not be cut by a cuckold's knife, and a cup that a cuckold can not drink from without spilling it, and these also reveal that every wife at court has been unfaithful. Genelas - Bride of Lammermoor - Sir William Ashton - Bunyan - Napoleon - Davy - Gay-Lussac - Watt - Fulton - Whittemore - Arkwright Esquimaux French for Eskimo. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Esquimaux http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskimo Eskimos or Esquimaux are aboriginal people who inhabit the circumpolar region, excluding Scandinavia and most of Russia, but including the easternmost portions of Siberia. The two main groups of Eskimos are the Inuit of northern Alaska, Canada and Greenland, and the Yupik, comprising speakers of four distinct Yupik languages and originating in western Alaska, in southcentral Alaska along the Gulf of Alaska Kanaka About Self-Reliance - Understanding the essay. This is a very thorough reference. We highly recommend it. http://www.transcendentalists.com/self_reliance_analysis.htm Scipio Roman general and politician. Pronounced: sĭp´ē-ō', skĭp´- http://www.bartleby.com/61/90/S0149050.html Phidias Athenian sculptor. Pronounced: fĭd´ē-ǝs http://www.bartleby.com/61/29/P0242900.html Geenwich A borough of Greater London in southeast England on the Thames River. It is the site of the original Royal Observatory, through which passes the prime meridian, or longitude 0°. Pronounced: grĕn´ĭch, grĭn´ĭj http://www.bartleby.com/61/26/G0262600.html Plutarch Greek biographer and Neo-Platonist philosopher. Pronounced: plōō´tärk' http://www.bartleby.com/61/55/P0385500.html Phocion Athenian statesman and general. Pronounced: fō´shē-un, -on http://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/Phocion Anaxagoras Greek philosopher. Pronounced: ăn'ăk-săg´ǝr-ǝs http://www.bartleby.com/61/41/A0284100.html Diogenes Greek philosopher and founder of the Cynic school. Pronounced: dī-ŏj´ǝ-nēz;' http://www.bartleby.net/61/41/D0234100.html Behring - Las Casas - Caliph Ali - Whigs of Maine - delegation from Essex eclat (spoken with) Great brilliance. Pronounced: ā-klä´, ā´klä' http://www.bartleby.com/61/94/E0029400.html Barbadoes (news from) A country occupying the easternmost island of the West Indies. Pronounced: bär-bā´dōs', -dōz', -dǝs http://www.bartleby.com/61/85/B0068500.html Andes and Himmaleh - Chathams (thunder into his voice) - ephemeris - gazetted Monachism (hermit Anthony) Monasticism. Pronounced: mŏn´ǝ-kĭz'ǝm http://www.bartleby.com/61/99/M0379900.html Locke, John An English philosopher http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/ Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent French chemist who is regarded as the founder of modern chemistry. Pronounced: lǝ-vwä´zē-ā', lä-vwä-zyā´ http://www.bartleby.com/61/29/L0072900.html Hutton, James Scottish geologist, noted for formulating uniformitarianism and the Plutonist School of thought. He is considered the father of modern geology. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hutton Bentham British writer, reformer, and philosopher. Laid the foundations of utilitarianism. Pronounced: bĕn´thǝm http://www.bartleby.com/61/22/B0192200.html Fourier, (François Marie) Charles French social theorist. (see essay above) Pronounced: fŏŏr´ē-ā', fōō-ryā´ http://www.bartleby.com/61/21/F0282100.html Swedenborgism Acrostic Pronunciation: ə-krô´stĭk, ə-krŏs´tĭk http://www.bartleby.com/61/63/A0066300.html A poem or series of lines in which certain letters, usually the first in each line, form a name, motto, or message when read in sequence. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrostic An acrostic (from the late Greek akróstichon, from ákros, "top", and stíchos, "verse") is a poem or other writing in an alphabetic script, in which the first letter, syllable or word of each line, paragraph or other recurring feature in the text spells out another message. A form of constrained writing, an acrostic can be used as a mnemonic device to aide memory retrieval. Text American Verse Project - University of Michigan Humanities Text Initiative (HTI) and the University of Michigan Press. http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=amverse;idno=BAC5599.0001.001